📖 Research & Technical Articles

Scholarly articles on lighting science, technology, and industry standards. Each article includes peer-reviewed references and quantitative data.

Human-Centric Lighting (HCL): Circadian Science, Melanopic Lux & CIE S 026

Non-visual photoreception pathways, ipRGC/ melanopsin physiology, melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI), CIE S 026 α-opic weighting functions, dose-response thresholds, WELL v2 L05 compliance, and practical tunable-white schedule design.

Circadian ScienceCIE S 026HCL Design · Published 2026-05-15 · 5,200+ words · 10 references

LED Phosphor Technology & Spectral Engineering: From YAG:Ce to Narrow-Band Quantum Dots

YAG:Ce ceramic conversion physics, nitride (SCASN:Eu) and fluoride (KSF:Mn) red phosphor comparison, LuAG green fill, spectral trade-offs between CRI and efficacy, TM-30 color rendition optimization, quantum dot enhancement films, and LM-80 thermal management.

Phosphor ScienceTM-30Quantum Dots · Published 2026-05-15 · 4,800+ words · 9 references

Flicker, Stroboscopic Effect & Temporal Light Artefacts: IEEE 1789, EC CRM-005-2022

TLA taxonomy (flicker, stroboscopic effect, phantom array), temporal contrast sensitivity function, stroboscopic effect visibility measure (SVM), IEEE 1789-2015 risk criteria, EU Ecodesign PstLM limits, LED driver root causes, and measurement instrumentation.

FlickerSVMEU Ecodesign · Published 2026-05-15 · 4,500+ words · 11 references

Mesopic Vision and Outdoor Lighting Design: S/P Ratio, CIE 191 & Energy-Efficient Street Lighting

Scotopic/photopic ratio methodology, CIE 191 unified luminance system (MES2 model), energy savings from high-S/P LED street lighting (30–50% over HPS), glare considerations (TI threshold increment), and adaptive road lighting with DALI-2 control.

Mesopic VisionStreet LightingEnergy Efficiency · Published 2026-05-15 · 4,200+ words · 8 references

Color Science Beyond CRI: TM-30 Rf/Rg, CQS, GAI, TLCI & New Metrics

Why CRI is obsolete for LED evaluation, IES TM-30-20 99-CES system with color vector graphics, CIE 224 Colour Fidelity Index, Gamut Area Index (GAI), TLCI-2012 for broadcast, and practical specifier guide by application.

Color ScienceTM-30Broadcast · Published 2026-05-15 · 3,800+ words · 8 references

More research articles in development: Smart Lighting Protocols (DALI-2, KNX, Matter), Thermal Management of High-Power LEDs, Zhaga Standardization, and Li-Fi Technology.